(a) IN GENERAL- The President, through the director of the White House Office and in consultation with the Interagency Task Force, shall develop a National Climate Change Strategy, which shall--
(1) have the long-term goal of stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations through actions taken by the United States and other nations;
(2) recognize that accomplishing the long-term goal of the Strategy will take from many decades to more than a century, but acknowledging that significant actions must begin in the near term;
(3) incorporate the four key elements;
(4) be developed on the basis of an examination of a broad range of emissions levels and dates for achievement of those levels (including those evaluated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and those consistent with United States treaty commitments) that, after taking into account actions by other nations, would achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy;
(5) consider the broad range of activities and actions that can be taken by United States entities to reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions both within the United States and in other nations through the use of market mechanisms, which may include, but not be limited to, mitigation activities, terrestrial sequestration, earning offsets through carbon capture or project-based activities, trading of emissions credits in domestic and international markets, and the application of the resulting credits from any of the above within the United States;
(6) minimize any adverse short-term and long-term social, economic, national security, and environmental impacts, including ensuring that the strategy is developed in an economically and environmentally sound manner;
(7) incorporate mitigation approaches leading to the development and deployment of advanced technologies and practices that will reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions;
(8) be consistent with the goals of energy, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, environmental, economic, and other relevant policies of the United States;
(9) take into account--
(A) the diversity of energy sources and technologies;
(B) supply-side and demand-side solutions; and
(C) national infrastructure, energy distribution, and transportation systems;
(10) be based on an evaluation of a wide range of approaches for achieving the long-term goal of the Strategy, including evaluation of--
(A) a variety of cost-effective Federal and State policies, programs, standards, and incentives;
(B) policies that integrate and promote innovative, market-based solutions in the United States and in foreign countries; and
(C) participation in other international institutions, or in the support of international activities, that are established or conducted to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy;
(11) in the final recommendations of the Strategy--
(A) emphasize policies and actions that achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(B) provide specific recommendations concerning--
(i) measures determined to be appropriate for short-term implementation, giving preference to cost-effective and technologically feasible measures that will--
(I) produce measurable net reductions in United States emissions, compared to expected trends, that lead toward achievement of the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(II) minimize any adverse short-term and long-term economic, environmental, national security, and social impacts on the United States;
(ii) the development of technologies that have the potential for long-term implementation--
(I) giving preference to technologies that have the potential to reduce significantly the overall cost of achieving the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(II) considering a full range of energy sources, energy conversion and use technologies, and efficiency options;
(iii) such changes in institutional and technology systems are necessary to adapt to climate change in the short-term and the long-term;
(iv) such review, modification, and enhancement of the scientific, technical, and economic research efforts of the United States, and improvements to the data resulting from research, as are appropriate to improve the accuracy of predictions concerning climate change and the economic and social costs and opportunities relating to climate change; and
(v) changes that should be made to project and grant evaluation criteria under other Federal research and development programs so that those criteria do not inhibit development of climate-friendly technologies;
(12) recognize that the Strategy is intended to guide the Nation's effort to address climate change, but it shall not create a legal obligation on the part of any person or entity other than the duties of the Director of the White House Office and Interagency Task Force in the development of the Strategy;
(13) have a scope that considers the totality of United States public, private, and public-private sector actions that bear on the long-term goal;
(14) be developed in a manner that provides for meaningful participation by, and consultation among, Federal, State, tribal, and local government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, academia, scientific bodies, industry, the public, and other interested parties in accordance with subsections (b)(3)(C)(iv)(II) and (e)(3)(B)(ii) of section 1014;
(15) address how the United States should engage State, tribal, and local governments in developing and carrying out a response to climate change;
(16) promote, to the maximum extent practicable, public awareness, outreach, and information-sharing to further the understanding of the full range of climate change-related issues;
(17) provide a detailed explanation of how the measures recommended by the Strategy will ensure that they do not result in serious harm to the economy of the United States;
(18) provide a detailed explanation of how the measures recommended by the Strategy will achieve its long-term goal;
(19) include any recommendations for legislative and administrative actions necessary to implement the Strategy;
(20) serve as a framework for climate change actions by all Federal agencies;
(21) recommend which Federal agencies are, or should be, responsible for the various aspects of implementation of the Strategy and any budgetary implications;
(22) address how the United States should engage foreign governments in developing an international response to climate change; and
(23) incorporate initiatives to open markets and promote the deployment of a range of climate-friendly technologies developed in the United States and abroad.
(b) Submission to Congress- Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the President, through the Interagency Task Force and the Director, shall submit to Congress the Strategy, in the form of a report that includes--
(1) a description of the Strategy and its goals, including how the Strategy addresses each of the 4 key elements;
(2) an inventory and evaluation of Federal programs and activities intended to carry out the Strategy;
(3) a description of how the Strategy will serve as a framework of climate change response actions by all Federal agencies, including a description of coordination mechanisms and interagency activities;
(4) evidence that the Strategy is consistent with other energy, transportation, industrial, agricultural, forestry, environmental, economic, and other relevant policies of the United States;
(5) a description of provisions in the Strategy that ensure that it minimizes any adverse short-term and long-term social, economic, national security, and environmental impacts, including ensuring that the Strategy is developed in an economically and environmentally sound manner;
(6) evidence that the Strategy has been developed in a manner that provides for participation by, and consultation among, Federal, State, tribal, and local government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, academia, scientific bodies, industry, the public, and other interested parties;
(7) a description of Federal activities that promote, to the maximum extent practicable, public awareness, outreach, and information-sharing to further the understanding of the full range of climate change-related issues; and
(8) recommendations for legislative or administrative changes to Federal programs or activities implemented to carry out this Strategy, in light of new knowledge of climate change and its impacts and costs or benefits, or technological capacity to improve mitigation or adaption activities.
(c) Updates- Not later than 4 years after the date of submission of the Strategy to Congress under subsection (b), and at the end of each 4-year period thereafter, the President shall submit to Congress an updated version of the Strategy.
(d) Progress Reports- Not later than 1 year after the date of submission of the Strategy to Congress under subsection (b), and annually thereafter at the time that the President submits to the Congress the budget of the United States Government under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, the President shall submit to Congress a report that--
(1) describes the Strategy, its goals, and the Federal programs and activities intended to carry out the Strategy through technological, scientific, mitigation, and adaptation activities;
(2) evaluates the Federal programs and activities implemented as part of this Strategy against the goals and implementation dates outlined in the Strategy;
(3) assesses the progress in implementation of the Strategy;
(4) incorporates the technology program reports required pursuant to section 1015(a)(3) and subsections (d) and (e) of section 1321;
(5) describes any changes to Federal programs or activities implemented to carry out this Strategy, in light of new knowledge of climate change and its impacts and costs or benefits, or technological capacity to improve mitigation or adaptation activities;
(6) describes all Federal spending on climate change for the current fiscal year and each of the 5 years previous; categorized by Federal agency and program function (including scientific research, energy research and development, regulation, education, and other activities);
(7) estimates the budgetary impact for the current fiscal year and each of the 5 years previous of any Federal tax credits, tax deductions or other incentives claimed by taxpayers that are directly or indirectly attributable to greenhouse gas emissions reduction activities;
(8) estimates the amount, in metric tons, of net greenhouse gas emissions reduced, avoided, or sequestered directly or indirectly as a result of the implementation of the Strategy;
(9) evaluates international research and development and market-based activities and the mitigation actions taken by the United States and other nations to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
(10) makes recommendations for legislative or administrative actions or adjustments that will accelerate progress towards meeting the near-term and long-term goals contained in the Strategy.
(e) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES REVIEW-
(1) IN GENERAL- Not later than 90 days after the date of publication of the Strategy under subsection (b) and each update under subsection (c), the Director of the National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Director of the White House Office and the Interagency Task Force, shall enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a review of the Strategy or update.
(2) CRITERIA- The review by the National Academy of Sciences shall evaluate the goals and recommendations contained in the Strategy or update, taking into consideration--
(A) the adequacy of effort and the appropriateness of focus of the totality of all public, private, and public-private sector actions of the United States with respect to the Strategy, including the four key elements;
(B) the adequacy of the budget and the effectiveness with which each Federal agency is carrying out its responsibilities;
(C) current scientific knowledge regarding climate change and its impacts;
(D) current understanding of human social and economic responses to climate change, and responses of natural ecosystems to climate change;
(E) advancements in energy technologies that reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gases or otherwise mitigate the risks of climate change;
(F) current understanding of economic costs and benefits of mitigation or adaptation activities;
(G) the existence of alternative policy options that could achieve the Strategy goals at lower economic, environmental, or social cost; and
(H) international activities and the actions taken by the United States and other nations to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(3) REPORT- Not later than 1 year after the date of submittal to the Congress of the Strategy or update, as appropriate, the National Academy of Sciences shall prepare and submit to the Congress and the President a report concerning the results of its review, along with any recommendations as appropriate. Such report shall also be made available to the public.
(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- For the purposes of this subsection, there are authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation such sums as may be necessary.